Transistors: These are the fundamental building blocks of modern electronics. Transistors can amplify signals, switch them on and off, or act as voltage regulators.
Diodes: Diodes allow current to flow in one direction only. They are widely used in rectification (converting AC to DC), voltage regulation, and signal demodulation.
Integrated Circuits (ICs): ICs are miniature electronic circuits consisting of interconnected semiconductor devices, such as transistors, diodes, and resistors, fabricated onto a single piece of semiconductor material.
Solar Cells: Solar cells, also known as photovoltaic cells, convert sunlight directly into electricity using the photovoltaic effect in semiconductor materials.
