The Energy Scenario- Commercial energy sources -World’s production and reserves-India’ Production and reserves, Energy Alternatives, Need for alternatives –solar option nuclear options-Principles of solar radiation : Solar radiation outside the earth’s atmosphere and at the earth’s surface , Solar Constant, Basic Sun-Earth Angles, Instruments for measuring solar radiation and sunshine , Solar radiation data
Solar Energy collectors: Solar thermal collectors -Flat plate collectors –Solar concentrators (parabolic trough, parabolic dish, Central Tower Collector) –Solar Air Heaters Solar thermal electric power generation -Thermal Energy storage, sensible heat storage, latent heat storage , Thermo chemical storage , photovoltaic system for power generation, Solar pond -Solar Cells-Types of solar cells , principle of working and performance characteristics, Production process- Block diagram only Applications- Solar space heating and cooling of buildings, solar pumping, solar cooker, solar still, solar drier, solar refrigeration and air-conditioning, heliostat, solar furnace
Wind Energy- classification of wind turbines and power performance curve, Energy in wind, calculation of energy content, Power coefficients, Betz limit theory, , tip speed ratio, solidity of turbine’ power control strategies, Basic principles of Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS), Classification of WECS, Parts of WECS
Ocean Energy – Devices for Wave Energy conversion, Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC): Principle of OTEC system, Methods of OTEC power generation – Open Cycle (Claude cycle), Closed Cycle (Anderson cycle) and Hybrid cycle (block diagram description of OTEC); Geothermal energy: Introduction, hot dry rock resources, magma resources, vapor and liquid dominated systems, binary cycle, advantages and disadvantages.
Bio Mass Energy- Biomass conversion technologies –Bio Gasification, Bio ethanol, Bio Diesel , Biogas production from waste biomass, factors affecting biogas generation Bio Gas -KVIC and Janata model, Hydrogen Energy – various routes for production of Hydrogen energy, Economic Analysis – Initial and annual cost, basic definitions, present worth calculations, repayment of loan in equal annual installments, annual savings, cumulative saving and life cycle cost, economic analysis of add on solar system, payback period(derivation)
