Impact of jets: Introduction to hydrodynamic thrust of jet on a fixed and moving surface (flat and curve), – Series of vanes - work done and efficiency. Hydraulic Turbines: Impulse and Reaction Turbines – Degree of reaction – Pelton Wheel – Constructional features - Velocity triangles – Euler’s equation – Speed ratio, jet ratio and work done, losses and efficiencies, design of Pelton wheel – Inward and outward flow reaction turbines- Francis Turbine – Constructional features – Velocity triangles, work done and efficiencies. Axial flow turbine (Kaplan) Constructional features – Velocity triangles- work done and efficiencies