Prerequisite: Properties of fluid: Specific gravity, Specific Weight, Specific Volume, Dynamic and Kinematic Viscosity. Introduction to fluid mechanics - Types of fluids, Newton’s law of viscosity. Pressure Measurement: Fluid pressure, Pressure head, types of pressures. Piezometer, Simple, differential Manometers. Fluid statics: Pressure, density, height relationship. Hydrostatic force and pressure on plane and inclined surfaces, Centre of pressure. Buoyancy and Metacentre. Stability of immersed and floating bodies.

Fluid dynamics: Continuity equation, Euler’s, and Bernoulli’s equations. – Measuring instruments – Pitot tube, Orifice meter, Venturi meter, Rectangular and Triangular Notches

Pipe flow – laminar and turbulent flows, significance of Reynolds number, shear stress and velocity distribution in a pipe flow. – Hagen- Poiseuille equation, Darcy-Weisbach equation and Chezy’s equation, Moody’s chart for estimating frictional losses, Major and minor energy losses, hydraulic gradient, and total energy line. Navier-Stokes equation and explanation

Dimensional analysis using Buckingham’s π theorem. Boundary layer theory: Qualitative comparison between laminar and turbulent boundary layer. Boundary layer separation

Impact of jets: Impact of jet on fixed vertical, moving vertical flat plates. Impact of jet on curved vanes – fixed and moving. Velocity triangles. Classification of Turbines and pumps Comparison and examples. Pelton, Francis and Kaplan Turbines: Principle and working, head, work done, efficiencies (Problems using velocity triangles not required). Centrifugal Pumps: Principle and working, head, work required, efficiencies, Priming and cavitation. (Problems using velocity triangles not required). Reciprocating Pump: Principle and working – slip, negative slip, work required and efficiency.