Ground Improvement Techniques

The course introduces the various types ground improvement techniques that can be adopted in different site conditions. It enables the students to choose the suitable ground improvement techniques to be adopted depends on the site condition and requirements.

Prerequisite: Geotechnical Engineering
Course Outcomes: After the completion of the course the student will be able to

CO1: Classify different ground improvement methods based on the soil suitability

CO2 :  Outline the basic concept/ design aspects of various ground improvement methods

CO3: Identify the construction procedure of different ground improvement methods

CO4: Choose different application of geosynthetics and soil stabilisation in Ground improvement

Syllabus
MODULE 1.
Roll of ground improvement in foundation engineering- Classification of ground improvement methods-different problematic soil -selection of suitable ground improvement based on the soil condition-Emerging trends in ground improvement-Different materials used for ground
improvement and its property Brief introduction to sustainable method of ground improvement, Microbial methods
MODULE 2.
In situ Densification-Deep compaction and shallow compaction, Properties of compacted soil and compaction control. Dynamic Compaction-Procedure-design considerations, soil suitability, Merit and demerit. Vibration methods-Vibro compaction techniques-Blasting, Vibrating compactors Vibro displacement methods-Vibro-flotation. Sand pile, Stone column, Lime pile-principle,
installation procedure, basic design considerations, soil suitability, Merit and demerits
MODULE 3.
Drainage methods- Methods of dewatering systems-Open sump, Well points, Vaccuum and electroosmotic methods Drains-type-drainage facility after construction-Foundation drain, Blanket drain, Interceptor drains Precompression and Vertical Drain – Preloading, Vertical drain-General principle, Soil suitability, Type-sand drain, PVD-Installation procedure
MODULE 4.
Earth Reinforcement-Reinforcement materials-reinforced earth wall-design considerations construction procedure Soil nailing & Micro pile-basic concept-construction sequence-areas of application-design considerations-merit and demerit Geosynthetics – use, type-function- filtration, drainage, separation-Application of geotextile in different works

MODULE 5.
Grouting Techniques- Grouting material-groutability-stabilization with cement, lime and chemicals Classification of grouting techniques-particulate grouting, Compaction grouting, penetration grouting, jet grouting, displacement grouting-Procedure-soil suitability-merit and demerit. Thermal method-stabilization by heating, stabilization by cooling Soil stabilization- Fundamental concept of soil-cement stabilisation, Mechanism of lime stabilisation

Text Books:
1. P. Purushothama Raj, Ground Improvement Techniques , Laxmi Publications (P) Ltd.
2. Manfred. R. Hausmann, Engineering Principles of Ground Modification, McGraw Hill, 1989

References:
1. M.P. Moseley and K. Kirsch (Edited), Ground improvement, Second edition, Spon Press, Taylor and Francis group