Number Systems and Codes: Binary, Octal and hexadecimal conversions- ASCII code, Excess -3 code, Gray code, BCD, Error detection codes-Parity method. Signed numbers- representation, addition and subtraction, Fixed point and floating-point representation. Logic gates, Universal gates, TTL and CMOS logic families-Internal diagram of TTL NAND gate and CMOS NOR gate. Comparison of CMOS and TTL performance.
Boolean Laws and theorems, Sum of Products method, Product of Sum method – K map representation and simplification(up to four variables) - Pairs, Quads, Octets, Don’t care conditions. Combinational circuits: Adders -Full adder and half adder, Subtractors- half subtractor and full subtractor, 4 bit parallel binary adder/subtractor, Carry Look ahead adders.
Flip-Flops, SR, JK, D and T flip-flops, JK Master Slave Flip-flop, Preset and clear inputs, Conversion of flip-flops. Registers -SISO, SIPO, PISO, PIPO. Up/Down Counters: Asynchronous Counters – Modulus of a counter – Mod-N counters Ring counter, Johnson Counter Synchronous counters, Design of Synchronous counters.
State Machines: State transition diagram, Moore and Mealy Machines Digital to Analog converter –Specifications, Weighted resistor type, R-2R Ladder type.Analog to Digital Converter – Specifications, Flash type, Successive approximation type. Programmable Logic Devices - PAL, PLA, FPGA (Introduction and basic concepts only) Introduction to Verilog, Implementation of AND, OR, half adder and full adder. Note: Course assignments may be given in Verilog programming
