Per unit quantities-single phase and three phase- Symmetrical components- sequence networks- Fault calculations-symmetrical and unsymmetrical- Fault level of installations Limiters - Contingency ranking
Load flow studies – Introduction-types-network model formulation and admittance matrix, Gauss-Siedel (two iterations), Newton-Raphson (Qualitative analysis only) and Fast Decoupled method (two iterations) - principle of DC load flow - Introduction to distribution Flow
Power system stability - steady state, dynamic and transient stability-power angle curve steady state stability limit -mechanics of angular motion-swing equation - solution of swing equation - Point by Point method - RK method - Equal area criterion application - methods of improving stability limits - Phasor Measurement Units- Wide Area Monitoring Systems
Turbines and speed governors-Inertia-Automatic Generation Control: Load frequency control: single area and two area systems - Subsynchronous Resonance - Automatic voltage control -Exciter Control- SCADA systems
Economic Operation - Distribution of load between units within a plant - transmission loss as a function of plant generation - distribution of load between plants - method of computing penalty factors and loss coefficients. Unit commitment: Introduction — constraints on unit commitments: spinning reserve, thermal unit constraints- hydro constraints.
