Power System evolution–Load curve -Load factor, diversity factor, Load curve (brief description only) - Numerical Problems. Generation-conventional (block schematic details, special features, environmental and ethical factors, advantages, disadvantages) -) –hydro, thermal, nuclear –renewable energy(block schematic details, special features, environmental factors, regulations, advantages, disadvantages,solar and wind –Design of a rooftop/ground mounted solar farm (concepts only) – Energy storage systems as alternative energy sources- grid storage systems- bulk power grids –smart grids – micro grids

Power Transmission SystemCalculation of Sag and tension-Insulators –string efficiencygrading–corona-Characteristics of transmission lines-Surge Impedance Loading- Series and shunt compensation. Underground cables-ratings- classification- Capacitance –grading-testing Introduction to EHVAC, HVDC and FACTS: Principle, classification and advantages/disadvantages

Switchgear: Need for protection-circuit breakers-rating- SF6,VCB – Principle of GISprotective relays – Demonstration of a typical electromechanical relay - Static, Microprocessor and Numeric types –Principles of overcurrent, directional, distance and differential- Types of protection schemes (Numeric relays) - causes of over voltages– Insulation co-ordination- Communication:PLCC - Fibre Optic-Introduction to IEC61850.

Power Distribution Systems– Distribution systems- Aerial Bunched Cables -Insulated conductors- Network standards-Earthing- transformer location – balancing of loads. Methods of power factor improvement using capacitors- Tariff mechanisms– Introduction to energy markets (regulated and deregulated systems) -Distribution Automation systems