Module 1 Earth pressure : Earth pressure - At rest, active and passive earth pressures - Practical examples Rankine’s theory – Earth pressure and point of application for cohesionless and cohesive soils - Influence of surcharge and water table on earth pressure - Numerical problems - Earth pressure with layered backfill - Numerical problems - Coulomb’s theory [no derivation required] – Comparison of Rankine’s and Coulomb’s theory Foundation – General Considerations : Functions of foundations - definition of shallow and deep foundation - Selection of type of foundation - Different types of shallow foundations - advantages and limitations of various types of shallow foundations Module 2 Bearing capacity of shallow foundations: Gross and Net bearing pressure - Ultimate and Safe bearing capacity - Failure mechanism - Allowable soil pressure - Terzaghi’s bearing capacity theory for strip footing [no derivation required] – Assumptions – Bearing capacity factors - Numerical problems - Terzaghi’s formulae for circular and square footings - Numerical problems - Factors affecting bearing capacity - Effect of water table on bearing capacity - Numerical problems - General, local and punching shear failure - Skempton’s formula – Numerical problems Module 3 Settlement analysis: Introduction- causes of settlement – estimation of immediate settlement – Numerical problems - Allowable settlement-Maximum and differential settlements as per Indian standard - Field test - Plate load test – Procedure, uses and limitations Footings :Principles of design of footings – strip/continuous and individual footings - Numerical Problems - Combined footings- Rectangular and Trapezoidal combined footings - Numerical problems - Footings subjected to eccentric loading Raft foundations: Types – Principles of design of raft foundation- Bearing capacity equations for raft on sand (Teng’s equation based on SPT value) and for raft on clay (Skempton’s formula) - Floating foundations - conventional design procedure for rigid mat. Module 4 Pile foundations: uses of piles - classification of piles - determination of type and length of piles - Bearing capacity of single pile in clay and sand [I.S. Static formulae] - Numerical problems - Dynamic formulae (Modified Hiley formulae only) – Numerical Problems - I.S. Pile load test [conventional] - Negative skin friction - Group action - Group efficiency - Capacity of Pile groups - Numerical problems Well foundation : Elements of a well foundation – construction details of well foundations - Problems encountered in well sinking – Methods to rectify tilts and shifts Module 5 Site investigation and soil exploration: objectives - planning - reconnaissance - Guidelines for choosing spacing and depth of borings [I.S. guidelines only]- Methods of subsurface exploration - test pits - Auger borings – Wash Boring - Rotary drilling - Standard Penetration Test – procedure and correlations - Corrections for SPT value – Numerical Problems - Sampling - disturbed samples, undisturbed samples and chunk samples - types of samplers - Sampler parameters - Boring log - Soil profile- Location of Water table - Geophysical methods : Seismic Refraction method and Electrical Resistivity method (in brief).

Bearing Capacity